India and Russia Strengthen Nuclear Ties: Implications for India’s 100 GW Ambition

### Mint Explainer | India, Russia to Deepen Nuclear Ties: What It Means for India’s 100 GW Goal

**New Delhi**—Following President Vladimir Putin's recent visit to India, the two nations have committed to enhance their cooperation in nuclear energy, specifically at the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP) in Tamil Nadu. This partnership is seen as a significant move towards supporting India’s ambitious goal of generating 100 GW of nuclear power by 2030.

During his visit, President Putin engaged in discussions with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi focused on strengthening bilateral ties in various sectors, with a particular emphasis on nuclear energy. Notable outcomes from these discussions include the intent to explore the establishment of a second nuclear site in India. This initiative is expected to foster local development and the localization of nuclear technology, benefiting both countries through enhanced collaboration.

The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant, which consists of two operational reactors and additional units under construction, has been a cornerstone of India-Russia nuclear cooperation for decades. The existing reactors were built with Russian technology, and India's nuclear energy capabilities have been significantly advanced through this partnership. The new proposals suggest a continued reliance on Russian expertise and technology, aligning with India’s strategic energy goals.

India aims to diversify its energy mix significantly to meet increasing demands and combat climate change. Nuclear energy is viewed as a clean alternative to fossil fuels, and achieving 100 GW by 2030 aligns with India's commitments made under the Paris Agreement. Current nuclear generation stands at approximately 7 GW, indicating a substantial increase is needed to meet this target.

The proposed enhancement of nuclear cooperation may also entail a transfer of technology and expertise. India has been keen on developing its indigenous nuclear technology portfolio while simultaneously benefiting from Russian scientific and engineering advancements. Localization efforts are expected to generate domestic jobs, boost the Indian industrial sector, and increase efficiency in construction and operational phases of nuclear projects.

Critics have raised concerns regarding safety and environmental impacts associated with nuclear energy, particularly in densely populated regions. However, proponents argue that with stringent regulations and advancements in technologies, nuclear power can be integral in achieving cleaner energy outcomes. The recent collaboration indicates a mutual acknowledgement of the challenges and opportunities within the nuclear sector.

In terms of geopolitical implications, the strengthened relationship between India and Russia could shift energy alliances, particularly in the context of rising tensions with Western nations. As both countries navigate complex international landscapes, enhanced cooperation in nuclear energy might enable them to assert greater autonomy in their energy policies.

As discussions progress regarding a second nuclear site and increased localization, the focus will likely shift towards technical feasibility, safety protocols, and financing. The upcoming phases will determine how swiftly and effectively India can advance towards its 100 GW nuclear energy goal while ensuring sustainable practices.

In conclusion, the deepening of nuclear ties between India and Russia holds potential to significantly impact India’s energy landscape. As both nations move forward in cementing their cooperation, the focus will be on translating strategic agreements into actionable projects. The outcome of this collaboration will be closely watched as India strives to establish itself as a leader in the renewable energy transition while safeguarding its energy security.